Miami Beach public schools are part of the Miami-Dade County Public School System. On the island, there are five elementary schools, one middle and one high school. There are also ten private schools in Miami Beach. The Miami-Dade County Public School System is the fourth largest in the U.S., and the largest single minority school district, with more than half the students being Hispanic. The MDCPSS has more than 414,000 students and nearly 55,000 teachers and staff at 207 elementary schools, 65 middle schools, 42 high schools and 9 charter schools. There are also 60 primary, alternative, specialty and vocational training/adult education facilities.

The University of Miami is the leading higher education facility in Dade County. Other colleges and universities include Barry University, Florida International University, Miami-Dade College, St. Thomas University, Florida Memorial University and Johnson & Wales University.